Fuel Cell Power Systems for Maritime Applications: Progress and Perspectives

Fuel cells as clean power sources are very attractive for the maritime sector, which is committed to sustainability and reducing greenhouse gas atmospheric pollutant emissions from ships. This paper presents a technological review on fuel cell systems applications past two decades. The available fuels including hydrogen, ammonia, renewable methane methanol under context of sustainable transportation their pre-processing technologies analyzed. Proton exchange membrane, molten carbonate solid oxide found be most promising options applications, once energy efficiency, capacity sensitivity impurities considered. types, layouts characteristics modules summarized based existing in particular industrial or residential sectors. various research demonstration projects industry reviewed challenges with regard capacity, safety, reliability, durability, operability costs Currently, lifetime stack primary barriers. Coupling batteries, modularization, mass production optimized operating control strategies all important pathways improve performance systems.